A soap tax was instituted in England during the Restoration period (February 1665-August 1714), which meant that until the mid-1800s, soap was a luxury that was only regularly used by the wealthy. Revenue officials maintained a careful eye on the soap-making process and made sure that the equipment was locked up when they weren't monitoring it. Legislation that required soap boilers to generate a minimum of one imperial ton at each boiling made the process out of the price range of the average person and prevented tiny producers from producing soap. Beginning in the 1850s, William Gossage created affordable, high-quality soap. In 1837, Robert Spear Hudson started making soap powder by first pulverizing soap in a mortar and pestle. Benjamin T. Babbitt, an American manufacturer, offered marketing innovations such as the sale of bar soap and the distribution of product samples. In 1886, William Hesketh Lever and his brother James acquired a tiny soap factory in Warrington and went on to build what is now one of the biggest soap companies today, now known as Unilever. One of the earliest industries to use extensive advertising was the soap industry. The first liquid soap was created in the nineteenth century by William Sheppard, who obtained a patent for it in 1865. B.J. Johnson created a soap made of palm and olive oils in 1898, and his business, the B.J. Johnson Soap Company, launched the "Palmolive" brand of soap in the same year. The B.J. Johnson Soap Company had to change its name to Palmolive due to the new soap's quick rise in popularity. Other businesses started to create liquid soaps in the early 1900s. When detergents like Pine-Sol and Tide entered the market, cleaning non-skin items like clothing, floors, and bathrooms became considerably simpler.
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