Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) are reliable serological markers of Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Anti-GAD antibodies in high titre are associated with the stiff-person syndrome (60% sensitivity), a rare neurological disease characterised by muscle rigidity and spasms. Similar to other autoimmune disorders, GAD autoimmunity has been associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors. The presence of GAD autoantibodies indicates an immune system attack, which points to type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes isn't the only reason someone might have GAD autoantibodies. These antibodies are also linked to other conditions, which include: Cerebellar ataxia. To carry out the test a blood sample is taken from the patient's arm. The test should be done before insulin therapy is started. The blood sample will need to be sent to be analysed by a lab before results can be obtained. The main neurological syndromes associated with high levels of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) include stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia and temporal lobe epilepsy.
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