This volume deals with the second century of crusading (1193-1291). It looks first at the simultaneous Crusader-Mongol invasions of the Muslim world (1217-1221). These occurred in the midst of Ayyubid civil wars, which hindered Muslim military capacity. The work then lends focus to the rise of the Mamluks in the wake of the 'seventh' crusade (1248-1250) and the Battle of Al-Mansurah (1250). The Mongol devastation of the Caliphate after 1258, and the termination of the Crusader States in the Holy Land in 1291 are looked at in great detail.The work relies on Muslim and non Muslim sources, old and new.
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