The rare earth elements have had and still have a unique and important impact on our lives. The unfilled 4f electronic structure of the rare earth elements makes them have special properties in luminescence, magnetism and electronics, which could be used to develop many new materials for various applications such as phosphors, magnetic materials, hydrogen storage materials and catalysts 1]. Rare-earth-doped luminescent materials (i.e. phosphors) are known to emit at distinct and different wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum and have been extensively used in color cathode ray tubes (CRT), tri-phosphor fluorescent lamps, X-ray intensifying screens and recently developed vacuum mercury-free lamps, as well as various types of displays such as plasma display panels, field emission displays and projection TVs 2].
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