The filarial nematode worm Onchocerca volvulus is the agent responsible for the parasitic disease known as onchocerciasis. Black flies (genus Simulium) are responsible for transmitting this disease to people, which can result in serious skin and eye disorders, including blindness. The condition is widely known as "river blindness" because the larvae of the blackfly vectors breed in fast-moving rivers. Since it was brought to the Americas by slave traders, onchocerciasis is found in 13 foci across six different nations in South and Central America, including Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The disease is endemic in Africa.David F. Jones discusses the human side effects of this disease and offers advice on how to stay safe.
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