Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or lupus, is a persistent autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system, designed to defend against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, erroneously targets healthy tissues. This can impact numerous bodily organs and systems, including the epidermis, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood cells, and liver, in the case of lupus. While the precise etiology of lupus remains uncertain, it is hypothesized that a confluence of genetic, environmental, and hormonal elements play a role. It manifests most frequently in women during their reproductive years. Symptoms of lupus are variable and may fluctuate. Fatigue, joint pain and edema, skin rashes (especially a "butterfly" rash across the face), fever, and sun sensitivity are typical symptoms. The potential for lupus to impact various organs gives rise to an extensive spectrum of complications. Lupus can be difficult to diagnose due to the fact that its symptoms may resemble those of other conditions. Medical professionals commonly establish a diagnosis through an amalgamation of clinical observations, laboratory investigations, imaging modalities, and medical history.
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