Learn Spanish/English with Philosophy: What Turing couldn't compute
Este libro no es sobre Inteligencia Artificial. Es sobre ti.
(This book is not about Artificial Intelligence. It is about you.)
En 1950, Alan Turing, el hombre que descifr el c digo Enigma y que invent el concepto de computador, hizo una pregunta que cambi la historia: Pueden pensar las m quinas?
(In 1950, Alan Turing, the man who broke the Enigma code and invented the concept of the computer, asked a question that changed history: Can machines think?)
Propuso un juego. Si hablas con una m quina y no puedes distinguirla de un humano, entonces la m quina piensa. Ese juego es el famoso Test de Turing. Durante 70 a os hemos intentado ganar ese juego.
(He proposed a game. If you talk to a machine and you cannot tell it apart from a human, then the machine thinks. That game is the famous Turing Test. For 70 years we have tried to win that game.)
Entonces... Turing ten a raz n? Somos solo m quinas de carne?
(So... was Turing right? Are we just machines made of flesh?)
Este libro dice que no. Que Turing cometi un error. No un error matem tico, sino un error filos fico.
(This book says no. That Turing made a mistake. Not a mathematical mistake, but a philosophical one.)
Su error fue creer que pensar es solo calcular.
(His mistake was believing that to think is just to compute.)
Para explicar ese error, necesitamos a dos gigantes que Turing conoci en Cambridge: Kurt G del y Ludwig Wittgenstein.
(To explain that mistake, we need two giants that Turing knew in Cambridge: Kurt G del and Ludwig Wittgenstein.)
G del demostr en 1931 que hay verdades que no se pueden probar dentro de un sistema l gico. Siempre habr algo que se escapa. Lo llam Incompletitud. Hay l mites para lo que una m quina que sigue reglas puede saber.
(G del proved in 1931 that there are truths that cannot be proven inside a logical system. There will always be something that escapes. He called it Incompleteness. There are limits to what a rule-following machine can know.)
Wittgenstein, el profesor m s temido de Cambridge, le dijo a Turing algo a n m s profundo: Hay cosas que no se pueden decir, solo se pueden mostrar. El sentido de una palabra no est en un diccionario, est en c mo la usamos en la vida. El juego del lenguaje. La m quina no vive, no juega, no sufre.
(Wittgenstein, the most feared professor in Cambridge, told Turing something even deeper: There are things that cannot be said, they can only be shown. The meaning of a word is not in a dictionary, it is in how we use it in life. The language-game. The machine does not live, does not play, does not suffer.)
Pero falta la pieza m s importante. La que ni G del ni Wittgenstein completaron. La que el fil sofo Charles Sanders Peirce llam abducci n.
(But the most important piece is missing. The one that neither G del nor Wittgenstein completed. The one the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce called abduction.)
La deducci n calcula. La inducci n cuenta. Pero la abducci n... la abducci n adivina. Es el destello. La corazonada del detective. La intuici n del m dico que ve una enfermedad antes de los an lisis. La idea del cient fico que sue a la soluci n.
(Deduction computes. Induction counts. But abduction... abduction guesses. It is the flash. The detective's hunch. The doctor's intuition who sees a disease before the tests. The scientist's idea who dreams the solution.)
La abducci n es el brillo dorado del cerebro de nuestra portada. Es lo que cae en forma de c digo binario pero que nunca naci del c digo. Es lo que Turing no calcul .
(Abduction is the golden glow of the brain on our cover. It is what falls as binary code but was never born from code. It is what Turing couldn't compute.)
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