Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how the body uses blood sugar, also called glucose. Glucose is an important source of energy for the body's cells. The hormone insulin helps move glucose from the blood into cells. When someone has diabetes, their body either does not make enough insulin, does not use insulin properly, or both. As a result, too much glucose can remain in the bloodstream.
There are several types of diabetes, but the most common are Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes happens when the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin, so people with Type 1 need insulin to survive. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. Gestational diabetes can develop during pregnancy and usually goes away after childbirth, although it can increase a person's risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.
Some common symptoms of diabetes include being very thirsty, urinating often, feeling tired, having blurry vision, and losing weight without trying. However, some people, especially those with Type 2 diabetes, may have few or no noticeable symptoms. Diabetes can be diagnosed with blood tests that measure blood glucose levels. Finding and treating diabetes early is important because uncontrolled high blood sugar can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
Managing diabetes depends on the type and the individual's needs. Treatment may include checking blood sugar, taking insulin or other medications, eating a balanced diet, staying physically active, and attending regular medical appointments. People with diabetes can live healthy and active lives by working with their healthcare providers and following their treatment plans. Learning about diabetes and recognizing its symptoms can help people take steps to protect their health.