Maxillary canine impaction is a common eruption disturbance and a clinical challenge because the canine follows a long and complex eruption pathway. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving retained primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, developmental disturbances, inadequate space, trauma and genetic influences. Canines are essential for canine guidance, arch stability, periodontal support and facial esthetics. Early diagnosis is crucial. Clinical indicators include delayed eruption, retained deciduous canine, absence of the normal canine bulge, palatal bulging and eruption asymmetry. Radiographs, with CBCT when indicated, help determine the tooth's position, angulation, depth and relationship with adjacent structures. Management ranges from interceptive extraction and space creation to surgical exposure followed by controlled orthodontic traction. Light continuous forces and proper anchorage help minimize root resorption and periodontal complications. Recent advances include KPG 3D assessment, TAD-assisted traction, VISTA, autotransplantation and newer eruption springs. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve functional and esthetic outcomes.
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