This Reprint presents a comprehensive and timely synthesis of the Special Issue Vision Science and Optometry, featuring 17 carefully selected peer-reviewed contributions. This collection captures the most recent investigative and clinical advances in vision science and optometric research, including topics such as binocular vision, eye movements, eye tracking, anterior and posterior pole examinations, accommodation, lighting effects, circadian light, color vision, aberrometry, ocular surface dynamics, contact lens technologies, and refractive surgery techniques. The assembled articles reflect high-quality original research and critical reviews, aimed at enhancing the knowledge base of researchers, eye care professionals, and clinicians. By consolidating these insights in a unified Reprint, we facilitate easy access to state-of-the-art content, support professional development, and encourage integration of emerging findings into daily practice and future research endeavors. This Reprint serves as a valuable reference for advancing clinical outcomes and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration within the vision science and optometry community.