A Note to Readers This book is an invitation-to journey back nearly five millennia into the heart of one of the world's most enigmatic and architecturally accomplished civilizations. Urban Planning During Harappan Civilization is not merely a chronicle of bricks and streets, but an exploration of how an ancient people conceived of community, space, aesthetics, and sustainability. As you read, you will encounter detailed studies of cities like Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi-each with its own personality, yet all adhering to a sophisticated shared logic of urban form. The chapters are organized thematically to build a cumulative understanding of how the Harappans thought about water, defense, housing, religion, economy, and society through the language of urbanism. While this work is academically grounded-with citations, diagrams, and theoretical rigor-it is also written with the general reader in mind. You do not need to be an archaeologist to appreciate the beauty of Harappan town planning, nor a historian to marvel at their ecological foresight. Because the Harappan script remains undeciphered, many interpretations rely on architecture, material culture, and spatial organization. I have made every effort to present competing viewpoints and evidence transparently and fairly. I encourage you to use this book not only as a scholarly reference but also as a springboard to reflect on the design of our own modern cities. What can we learn from the Harappans about decentralization? Resilience? Aesthetic harmony? Social equity? May this book deepen your appreciation of the past and your curiosity for the future.
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