This work investigates how Small Island Developing States can transform tourism into a force for sustainable and inclusive development instead of perpetuating historical dependencies. S o Tom and Pr ncipe serves as a privileged case study: an archipelago in the Gulf of Guinea with exceptional biodiversity, unique heritage of the ancient colonial plantations (ro as), and two contrasting tourism models on its main islands. Based on extensive fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2024, including hundreds of interviews with government officials, entrepreneurs, local communities, academics, and tourists, the research proposes an Integrated and Sustainable Development Model (MDIS-STP). This model rejects the false opposition between foreign investment and endogenous development, opting for a hybrid approach that attracts international capital and knowledge while empowering local communities and retaining economic benefits within the archipelago. The model constitutes a well-founded and contextualized proposal for a fairer, more sustainable, and resilient tourism development.
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