In the middle of the summer, in Beijing, the Japanese embassy secretary Tsugiyama Akira was chopped into minced meat by Dong Fuxiang's Gan army (1). The German envoy Clemens von Ketteler was killed by Zhang Jing (2) En Hai of the Shenji camp (3) at the Dongdan gate of Beidai. The Empress Dowager Cixi issued an edict declaring war on eleven great powers, offering rewards for killing all foreigners.
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