Unsustainable development occurs when present progress is at the expense of future generations. For example, irresponsible planning and environmental degradation through exploitation of resources generates waste and pollution that damages ecosystems. Such practices are not sustainable in the long term. The emergence and development of environmentalism that I will present below fits the evolutionary concept discussed in the first part. It calls attention, therefore, that most of the reflection on the environmental movement has a reductionist character that neglects or minimizes its civilizing importance. Following Viola, two things can be observed in this regard. On the one hand, despite environmentalism showing clear signs, from the 1960s onwards of beginning to consolidate itself as a transnational movement, the vast majority of works deal with the movement environmentalist in the context of their respective national societies, with comparative production between countries or on their global condition being relatively scarce. On the other hand, it appears that social science approaches are not always able to follow the structural complexity of environmentalism. More traditional approaches to environmentalism tend to frame it in three different ways: as a pressure or interest group, as a new social movement, or as a historical movement. According to the first perspective, used especially in the United States, environmentalism would be a group that basically constitutes itself as a lobby, to exercise its demands within the political system (like other groups with different interests).
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