Like personal trainers , the Workbooks offer a practical and empathic approach to introductory logic. They are designed for beginners and for anyone who wants to build confidence by doing more exercises. Workbook 2 helps you learn how to: do truth-value calculations by means of a step-by-step method construct a truth table for a group of arbitrarily complex propositional forms use the truth-table method to determine the applicability of the following concepts: tautology, contradiction, and contingency validity logical equivalence, logical implication, and logical consistency. There are numerous exercises whose difficulty increases gradually . The point is to train your "logic muscles" until they become strong enough to carry "heavy-weight" content. The study is aided by many examples worked out step by step , warnings of common errors , as well as complete solutions to all exercises. There is another edition (Full Edition) of Workbook 2. The Full Edition has a supplementary unit on the indirect truth-table method . The supplementary unit on the indirect truth-table method is also available as Logic Self-Taught Workbooklet 2.A. Logic Self-Taught Workbooks are based on the insight that understanding logic is not sufficient for learning logic, just as understanding how to swim is not sufficient for learning to swim and understanding the grammar of a foreign language is not sufficient for learning the language . You need to practice and take an active part in self-teaching . Through systematic work with the Workbooks, you will build self-confidence . You can learn logic, even its hardest parts. Contents Unit 2.1 Truth-Value Calculations A. Conjunctions, Disjunctions, Conditionals, and Biconditionals B. Negations C. Multiple Negations Unit 2.2 Truth Tables and Proper Logical Forms A. Two Types of Formulas: Propositions vs. Propositional Forms B. What is a Truth Table? C. How Many Rows does a Truth Table Have? D. How to Construct a Truth-Table Base? E. Proper Logical Form Unit 2.3 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency A. Tautologies, Contradictions, Contingencies B. The Origins of the Truth-Table Method (optional) C. Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency: Truth-Table Method D. Determining the Properties of Propositions E. Common Errors Unit 2.4 Validity The Concept of Deductive Validity: A Recapitulation A. Invalidity and Validity B. Validity and Invalidity: The Truth-Table Method C. Common Errors Unit 2.5 Other Applications of the Truth Table Method A. Logical Equivalence B. Logical Implication (Entailment) C. Logical Consistency Solutions to Exercises
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