For centuries, philosophy has been split in two. On one side: the materialists, who insist that everything is matter, that consciousness is just neurons firing, and that the universe is a machine running on autopilot. On the other: the idealists, who claim that mind comes first, that matter is a shadow cast by thought, and that reality is whatever consciousness makes of it. Both sides have been fighting for over two thousand years. Neither has won. And for good reason: both are wrong-or, more precisely, both are half-right, which is the most dangerous kind of wrong there is. The Manmade Gods begins with Ludwig Feuerbach, the nineteenth-century philosopher who declared that God is nothing but a human invention-a flattering self-portrait hung in the sky. Feuerbach's bold materialism shattered the spell of Hegel's idealism and became the launching pad for Marx, Engels, and the political earthquakes of the twentieth century. But Feuerbach's own philosophy had a fatal flaw: it could not account for history, society, or the stubborn mystery of consciousness itself. Written by a former clergyman who grew up in a society where Marxism was the official philosophy, this book combines an insider's knowledge of both faith and enforced materialism with the latest findings in quantum mechanics, neuroscience, cosmology, and artificial intelligence. The result is not another recycled textbook on the history of philosophy but a provocative, witty, and deeply personal argument for a new way of thinking-one that refuses to choose between matter and mind, body and spirit, science and mystery. If you have ever suspected that the old categories are broken, that neither the laboratory nor the cathedral has the whole story, this book will give you the language and the courage to say so out loud. Keywords: philosophy, materialism, idealism, Feuerbach, consciousness, religion, synthesis
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