Magnesium (Mg ⁺) is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes necessary for maintaining human health. It participates in energy metabolism, enzymatic reactions, neuromuscular function, and the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Understanding magnesium metabolism, including its body content, distribution, and balance, is fundamental to appreciating its biological significance. Disturbances in magnesium homeostasis, particularly magnesium deficiency, have been increasingly recognized as important contributors to the development and progression of various metabolic and chronic diseases. Growing evidence links inadequate magnesium levels with conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and osteoporosis. Moreover, magnesium exerts neuroprotective effects and modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This book provides an overview of magnesium metabolism and explores the clinical implications of magnesium deficiency across multiple pathological conditions.
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