Employing a cosmopolitan array of characters, ranging from Italian soldiers to Ottoman functionaries, The Fourth Shore (the term was Mussolini's name for the Mediterranean shore of Libya) chronicles Italy's colonial experience from the euphoria of conquest-- giving the reader a front-row seat to the rise and subsequent fall of Fascism in the aftermath of World War II--to the country's independence in the 1950s. The discovery of Libya's vast oil and gas reserves will trigger the tumultuous changes that led to Muammar Gaddafi's forty-two-year dictatorship.