Selenium is a vital trace element that plays an important role in maintaining human health. Present in small amounts in the body, it is incorporated into specialized proteins known as selenoproteins, which contribute to antioxidant defense, redox balance, and immune regulation. Despite its essential nature, selenium exhibits a remarkable dual character: while adequate levels support normal physiological functions and protect cells from oxidative damage, both deficiency and excessive intake can have adverse health consequences. Increasing scientific evidence links selenium status to a wide range of conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, thyroid dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections. At the same time, advances in biomedical research, particularly in nanotechnology, have highlighted selenium's therapeutic potential. This book explores the complex and sometimes paradoxical roles of selenium, examining its biological functions, disease associations, and emerging applications in innovative therapeutic strategies.
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