This text is the first published survey of recent research in signal processing for music transcription, edited and authored by authorities in the field. It covers a range of topics, from the structure and decomposition of signals, to using computational modeling and neural networks for music transcription. The book targets a growing audience interested in MPEG-7 standardization. It serves as an ideal starting point for newcomers and an excellent reference source for people already working in the field. The text is enhanced by a common reference and index.