The Classical Schilder's Principles of Cleaning and Shaping.- Shaping for Cleaning: an Updated Approach for Canal Debridement.- The Complexity of the Root Canal Anatomy and its Influence on Canal Preparation and Irrigation.- Modern Strategies for Root Canal Shaping.- Manual and Mechanical Glide Path.- Mechanical Preparation: The Status of the Rotary Systems.- Mechanical Preparation: The Current Role of the Reciprocating Systems.- Cleaning and Shaping in Retreatment Cases.- Chemical Disinfection: Root Canal Irrigants, Devices and Techniques.- Root Canal Preparation and Irrigation in a World of Surrogates.- Evidence-based: Root Canal Enlargement and Apical Limits.- Managing Complex Canal Anatomies.