Based on theoretical frameworks that establish connections between education and the political, social, and economic spheres, this study focuses on Portuguese primary education in a geographical area corresponding to the municipality of Barreiro, during the historical period of the First Republic (1910-1926), although it frequently looks back to the 19th century because every individual is a product of their education (or rather, is the product of their environment, which in turn is the product of an earlier environment). The text presented here provides an overview of the emergence of primary schools and the entire republican educational system, analyzing the various methods employed at the time to disseminate written culture and promote basic adult education, with particular emphasis on mobile schools, night courses, and popular universities.
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