The Savannah Monitor's native habitat stretches widely across Sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal in the west to Eritrea and Ethiopia in the east, and as far south as Zambia, Uganda, and northern parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This range covers some of the most dynamic and challenging ecosystems on Earth, including: Open grasslands and savannas Sparse woodlands and thorn scrub Dry river valleys and rocky outcrops Coastal plains and transitional forest edges These regions are marked by seasonal extremes, with long dry spells punctuated by short but intense rainy seasons. The Savannah Monitor has evolved to endure fluctuating temperatures, limited water availability, and prolonged periods of food scarcity. During the cooler or dry months, they often retreat into deep self-dug burrows where humidity and temperatures remain relatively stable, allowing them to rest or enter a state of brumation (a hibernation-like period for reptiles). Historically, the Savannah Monitor has been part of local ecological systems for millions of years, with fossil evidence suggesting that monitor lizards were already present in Africa during the Miocene epoch. Their ancestors shared evolutionary ties with both Asian and Australian monitors, hinting at a once more unified supercontinent distribution before the continents separated. In many African cultures, the Savannah Monitor-locally called "Leguaan" in some regions-is viewed with a mix of awe and caution. Its intelligence and burrowing habits make it a symbol of cunning in some folklore, while in other areas, it has been harvested for meat or traditional medicine. Understanding this species' historical presence in African culture and ecology helps set the foundation for ethical modern interaction, whether through herpetology, conservation, or pet ownership.
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