This book explains the concepts needed to effectively perform industrial troubleshooting investigations. It describes the methodology to perform Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA), one of the hottest topics currently in maintenance engineering. The book also describes how proper design, operation, and maintenance of the equipment help to enhance their reliability and provides the reader with the knowledge and failure analysis skills they need to know to prevent similar failures from happening in the future. It bridges the information gap between engineering education and practical application. Special focus is given to compressors, pumps, piping systems, gearboxes, bearings, seals, steam traps, and lubrication related issues.