In the early 7th century, the Prophet Muhammad, originally a merchant, received divine revelation while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira. After descending the mountain, he began preaching in Mecca, marking the origin of Islam. However, the Prophet Muhammad faced persecution and was forced to migrate to Medina. In Medina, he established a theocratic Muslim community. With the support of many believers, he successfully brought Mecca under his control, and the community grew increasingly powerful. However, the succession to the Caliphate led to a rebellion by the Umayyad family, who established the Umayyad Caliphate. From then on, Islamic civilization continued to unfold amidst the conflict between the Sunni and Shia Muslim sects." At this time, European society was facing the Great Migration of Germanic peoples. The Roman Empire, which had officially split in two in 395 AD, also faced different fates--the Western Roman Empire perished under Emperor Valentinian, while the Eastern Roman Empire, under the efforts of Emperor Justinian, maintained its prosperity for a thousand years.
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