Venezuela has the world's largest oil reserves, and it should be a rich country. President Hugo Chávez was a popular and charismatic leader. He embarked on the Bolivarian Revolution, introducing extensive, unfunded socialist policies. With the collapse in the oil prices, the country was plunged into crisis. Hugo Chávez died in 2013 and was succeeded by Nicolás Maduro who vowed to continue the Bolivarian Revolution. The situation worsened with political corruption, chronic shortages of food and medicine, closure of businesses, unemployment, deterioration of productivity, authoritarianism, human rights violations, gross economic mismanagement, rising crime, sanctions and an economy stagnating and deeply dependent on oil and a volatile price. More than a fifth of the population have fled the country. President Maduro was controversially re-elected in 2024. The opposition party claimed victory, based on exit polls, but Maduro announced that he had won. It had been nearly a decade since I had last visited the country. It was time to revisit South America to see what had changed and check out the situation for myself.
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