The respiratory system is one of essential body systems during anesthesia. The anesthetist must have good knowledge of the anatomy of the respiratory system, physiology of respiration and normal respiratory volumes. The effects of anesthesia on the different respiratory volume also important to be considered. The respiratory functions for each patient must be preoperatively evaluated, its importance during adjustment of the ventilator during mechanical ventilation. Many respiratory emergencies can occur during anesthesia. There are many causes for a respiratory emergency, it may be causes related to the patient as he has obstructive or restrictive lung disease, pulmonary aspiration, laryngeal spasm or edema and difficult intubation. Other causes may be related to maladjustment of the ventilator or ventilator failure. Causes. Other causes related to the drugs as overdose side effects or anaphylaxis. There are many causes for respiratory failure, hypoxia, or phrenic nerve paralysis due to the presence of many pathologies or even after regional blockade as inter scalene block.
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