Whereas the XVIII and XIX centuries saw the triumph of such sciences asphysics and chemistry, the XX century, and its second half in particular, can becalled the century of biology. Indeed, fundamental biological laws have beenestablished, the mechanism of antibiotic action uncovered (which helps fungi tofight bacteria), as well as the mechanism of action and the structure of viruses.Cloning has been carried out; the mechanisms of cancers are being decoded at amolecular level; the non-genetic functions of nucleic acids and those of manyhormones have been uncovered, as well as the feedback mechanisms regulatingthe activity of the endocrine system and, thus, the metabolic processes in the bodyas a whole. The role has been established that the hypothalamus plays in fine-tuning internal processes in response to external stimuli, as have been thefunctions of the principal parts of the brain that control various body systems.Particularly tremendous progress has been made in the study of immunity, withits principal components deciphered.
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