This Reprint is of the second edition of "Recent Advances in Biological and Technical Research of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable", belonging to the Food Quality and Safety section of Foods. Fresh fruits and vegetables are nutrient-rich dietary staples, yet they suffer severe postharvest losses due to their rapid senescence, physiological disorders, and fungal infections. This Reprint compiles cutting-edge research that delves into the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying postharvest ripening, senescence, and quality deterioration in various fruits and vegetables. It also features the development and application of innovative preservation technologies, including high-voltage electrostatic field treatment, composite biological preservatives, essential oil antifungal applications and combined physical-chemical preservation strategies. Adopting multi-omics and high-throughput sequencing technologies, these studies reveal the core mechanisms of postharvest quality maintenance and provide practical technical solutions for the industry, serving as valuable references for researchers and practitioners.