The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry confirms a revolution in radiobiology: cellular DNA repair proves that much "conventional wisdom" about the effects of radiation is wrong. This booklet describes why a revised system of radiation protection is needed because low level radiation does not create cancer-producing mutations; this happens only with high radiation which overwhelms the repair mechanisms. Diagnostic radiation procedures are quite safe. This booklet is designed as a supplement to update texts in radiobiology courses; it details modern research on low level radiation and its implications for risk as determined by cellular repair mechanisms. Studies of the aftereffects of radiation releases from Chernobyl and Fukushima are discussed. A minimum of technical jargon is used so intelligent laypersons may learn about current understandings on radiation risks. The author is a professor of radiological physics at Northern Kentucky University and has written this booklet is as a public service. It is priced for wide distribution and proceeds are donated to charity.
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