English summary: The Parthian Empire existed from the end of the third century BC until the beginning of the third century AD and was ruled by the Iranian dynasty of the Arsacides. They expanded their territory from the east of the Caspian Sea to the Indian Ocean and the Euphrates River. The history of this important oriental kingdom was already described in antiquity in eight languages: Greek, Latin, Parthian, Cuneiform, Aramean, Arabian,...