This book discusses in a systematic manner the quantum properties of the light generated by various optical systems such as lasers and the effect of light on the dynamics of atoms. In particular, we present the quantum analysis of subharmonic generation via first-order Hamiltonian. In addition, we discuss the quantum properties of the light produced by two-level and three-level lasers, pumped by electron bombardment or coherent light, and with the vacuum-reservoir noise operators put in normal order. It so happens that normal ordering the vacuum-reservoir noise operators is equivalent to normal ordering the cavity mode operators. Furthermore, local mean photon number, local quadrature squeezing, and the superposition of light beams are discussed. The maximum local quadrature squeezing is found to be much greater than the maximum global quadrature squeezing. However, the mean photon number associated with the maximum local quadrature squeezing is much smaller than the one associated with the maximum global quadrature squeezing. On the other hand, several original and interesting procedures of analysis are presented. Some of these include the procedure followed to drive the master equation for a cavity mode or a two-level atom coupled to a thermal reservoir, to establish the correlation properties of the noise operators associated with the quantum Langevin equation, to obtain the input-output relation, and the approach adapted in the analysis of atom cooling.
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