Book Excerpt: ation were necessary to provethat this last conclusion was wholly unwarranted; and to-day these lawsof the conservation of energy and of matter are more firmly establishedthan ever.The thing that has gone by the board is the old idea of the atoms as theindivisible and irreducible minima of the material universe. For notonly do all the radioactive substances give off particles of helium gaspositively electrified, but _all bodies, no matter what theircomposition_, can by suitable treatment, such as exposing them toultra-violet light, or raising them to incandescence, be made to giveoff electrons or negatively charged particles, and these electrons arealways the same no matter from what kind of substance they come. In asomewhat similar way, we always get positively electrified particles ofthe mass of the hydrogen atom, or about 1,760 times the mass of theelectron, whenever we send an electric charge through a gas at very lowpressure, no matter what the kind of gas. WhRead More
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