Published in 1844, Manuel pratique de la culture mara ch re de Paris by J.G. Moreau and J.J. Daverne is considered the 'bible' of historical urban agriculture. This book codified the techniques of 19th-century Parisian market gardeners, who managed to feed a growing population throughout the year, even on very small plots of land.
This manual is the primary inspiration behind the 'French Intensive Method.' It was rediscovered by pioneers of modern permaculture and bio-intensive market gardening-such as Jean-Martin Fortier and Eliot Coleman-because it proves that it is possible to produce vast amounts of food:
On very small areas.
Without the use of pesticides or synthetic fertilizers.
By creating a circular ecosystem (urban waste → manure → vegetables).
Historical note: At the height of this method, Parisian market gardeners occupied approximately 6% of the city's surface area and managed to export vegetables as far as London, even in the middle of January