Citizenship education may be defined as "education for living in relation to others" (Jessop, 2012, p. 299). This definition is broad enough to accommodate the various perspectives in the debate around the concept of citizenship education. In addition, the definition points towards the importance of citizenship education. Citizenship education is important because "every society needs people to contribute effectively, in a variety of ways, to the future health and well-being of communities and the environment, locally, nationally and globally" (Learning & Teaching Scotland, 2002, p. 9). In particular, the variety of ways in which citizenship education could assist in the well-being of communities is through the development of personal responsibility and, citizenship participation, including justice (Westheimer & Kahne, 2004). Personal responsibility involves the social aspect of citizenship education such as volunteering in a local community project as well as developing a questioning attitude. Citizenship participation focuses on working with other individuals as a collective democratic action. The development of a sense of justice is also important for understanding the interplay among the social, economic and political aspects of citizenship so that students may reflect on change where necessary (Westheimer & Kahne, 2004).
Related Subjects
Philosophy