A typical home plumbing system includes three basic parts: a water supply system, a fixture and appliance set, and a drain system. These three parts can be seen clearly in the photograph of the cut-away house on the opposite page.Fresh water enters a home through a main supply line. This fresh water source is provided by either a municipal water company or a private underground well. If the source is a municipal sup plier, the water passes through a meter that registers the amount of water used. A family of four uses about 400 gallons of water each day.Immediately after the main supply enters the house, a branch line splits off and is joined to a water heater. From the water heater, a hot water line runs parallel to the cold water line to bring the water supply to fixtures and appliances throughout the house. Fixtures include sinks, bath tubs, showers, and laundry tubs. Appliances include water heaters, dishwashers, clothes washers, and water softeners. Toilets and exterior sillcocks are examples of fixtures that require only a cold water line.The water supply to fixtures and appliances is controlled with faucets and valves. Faucets and valves have moving parts and seals that eventually may wear out or break, but they are easily repaired or replaced.
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