Philosophy as Psychology and Psychology as Philosophy

By Michael Richard Starks

It is my contention that the table of intentionality (rationality, mind, thought, language,
personality etc.) that features prominently here describes more or less accurately, or at least
serve s as an heuristic for, how we think and behave, and so it encompasses not merely
philosophy and psychology, but everything else (history, literature, mathematics, politics
etc.). Note especially that intentionality and rationality as I (along with Searle, Wittgenstein
and others) view it, includes both conscious deliberative linguistic System 2 and unconscious
automated prelinguistic System 1 actions or reflexes.

Language is programmed in our genes and is involved in nearly all our social behavior.
Philosophy in the str ict sense (i.e., academic philosophy), is as Wittgenstein showed us, the
study of the way language is used (language games) and I regard it as the descriptive
psychology of higher order thought (i.e., pretty much everything involving language which is
ofte n called System 2 or slow thinking). However, as I hope I have shown in my writings
over the last decade, nonlinguistic behavior or System 1 or fast thinking is also described
with language and this leads to endless confusion which I have tried to clarify here and which
is summarized in the tables that I present.

• Format: Paperback
• Language: English
• ISBN: B0F7FPXBHB
• ISBN13: 9798311068062
• Release Date: April 2025
• Publisher: Independently Published
• Length: 666 Pages
• Weight: 1.93 lbs.
• Dimensions: 1.3" x 6.0" x 9.0"