Phi Beta Kappa in American Life: The First Two Hundred Years

By Richard Nelson Current

Book Overview

On December 5, 1776, five William and Mary students, led by fifteen-year-old John Heath, formed a secret club called "Societas Philosophiae," whose motto--"Love of wisdom the guide of life"--they represented by the Greek letters O. B.K. The society quickly increased in members as well as in the trappings of mystery common to secret clubs (such as the Masons or Yale's Quill and Dagger): there was a secret handshake, secret initiations, even a secret medal. When in public, they refered to the club cryptically, by its initials P.S. or increasingly by the Greek letters O.B.K., which they pronounced "Fie Beeta Kappa."
Today, Phi Beta Kappa is America's foremost honor society, the forerunner and prototype of all other such groups as well as all Greek-letter fraternities and sororities. Distinguished historian Richard Nelson Current here provides a complete history of the society, tracing its growth from a local debating club to a national organization which today boasts a quarter of a million members. Of course, the history of Phi Beta Kappa is in many ways a history of education in America, and as Current charts the society's development he also provides an intriguing portrait of American universities: the friction over the shift away from the classics toward liberal education and the electives system, the growing respect for scholarship among students (in 1917, he reveals, the most socially acceptable grade was C, the so-called "gentleman's grade"), and the unprecedented enrollment after World War Two. But as Current outlines the society's many achievements and its continuing influence on liberal education, he does not whitewash its past: he examines its grudging admission of women and blacks, the uproar over Paul Robeson's selection for the editorial board of American Scholar, and many other controversies.
Whether discussing the founding of The American Scholar (named after Emerson's famous Phi Beta Kappa address) or the exploitation of the society's prestige by advertisers (such as the "Phi Beta Jantzen" ads used to sell panties and bras), Current is always engaging and informative. His definitive history of the most renowned of all academic honor societies will fascinate anyone interested in education in America as well as all holders of the golden key.

• Format: Hardcover
• Language: English
• ISBN: 0195063112
• ISBN13: 9780195063110
• Release Date: June 1990
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Length: 336 Pages
• Weight: 1.55 lbs.
• Dimensions: 9.5" x 1.2" x 6.5"

Customer Reviews

Intelligent, objective history....

The book presents a reasonably objective "warts and all" account of Phi Beta Kappa. This publication is certainly a cogent and comprehensive history of this society, the progenitor of all U.S. Greek-name honor organizations that followed (perhaps, most notably, Phi Kappa Phi. Established in 1897, Phi Kappa Phi recognizes excellence in all academic areas and accordingly awards major individual grants each year, more than any other "honor society").Phi Beta Kappa, beginning as a secret fraternal and literary society in 1776, officially became an "honor society" in 1898, and was/is still severely limited (in membership selection) to the narrow 18th century classic liberal arts criteria. Thus, scholars whose major (e.g., engineering, business, architecture, pharmacy, nursing, agriculture, computer science, electronics, geography, teacher education, archaeology, commercial art, & many other state-of-the-art majors & specialties) is not strictly considered "liberal arts" (the term is becoming more blurred with each passing year) are denied PBK membership, even if they have a perfect grade-point average! Life ain't fair, as the adage goes.Nevertheless, the book itself is indeed quite a positive and revealing recollection/compendium of this liberal arts society's ups & downs. One might expect a literary history of a collegiate honor society to be tedious and boring, but that is just not the case here. This book is engrossing and interesting. In many ways, it sheds invaluable light on the broad history of all American higher education!I rate this book as a "must buy" and certainly a real "keeper". It is wonderfully written, and I recommend it most highly. A worthwhile read!