Nutrition is a relatively new science. It is an applied science that encompasses the principles of other sciences, such as chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology. Pet nutrition deals with the nutritional needs of food-producing, companion, or service animals. It is the science of preparation or formulation of feed for animals that produce food (e.g., meat, milk) or nonfood materials (e.g., wool). Animal nutrition also is an integrative science, as it deals with the different steps by which the animal assimilates feed, or food, and uses it for its growth, health, and performance (e.g., meat, milk, and egg production and service). In addition to the health, welfare, or productivity of the animal, food animal nutrition is also very important due to economic (e.g., feed cost) and environmental aspects (manure and undigested, wasted nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, contaminating air, soil, and water), as well as nutritional quality (eggs, meat, milk). Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds present in feed that support health, basic body maintenance, or productivity. Fundamental nutrients include water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals.
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