Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as result of human activity (IPCC). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC, 2014). Climate change has been one of the emerging global challenges in the recent times. Human activities such as excessive use of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, etc) in industries and transportation have caused an increase in the number of greenhouse gases.
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