In Rome on Christmas Day 800 Charlemagne, the Frankish king, was acclaimed "most August, crowned by God, great and peacemaking emperor." This event transformed the nature of his rule, marked the re-emergence of the ideas of empire in the early medieval West, and changed the history of western monarchy. But why was Charlemagne acclaimed as peacemaking emperor? How had peace come to be seen as a central component of western European rulership? Drawing...