
The search for stability proved elusive. Nationalist Ireland mobilized a mass democratic movement under O'Connell to secure Catholic Emancipation before seeing its world transformed by the social cataclysm of the Great Famine. At the same time, the Protestant north-east of Ulster...

Nineteenth-century Ireland began and ended in armed revolt. The "long" century lasted from the bloody insurrections of 1798 until 1922, by which time the institutions of modern Ireland were in place against a background of the Great War, the Ulster rebellion, and the armed...