In this book we take a historic journey arounc the human kidney and kidney diseases. In modern times the science of immunology and pediatric immunology became more organized in the 1950s with roots traced to 19th century European scientists and clinicians. Profound progress included improved immunosuppressant medications and improved techniques (i.e., laparoscopic surgery) and beneficial policies/laws/programs. With 1,200 children and adolescents (0-19 years of age) developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States annually, the importance of chronic dialysis and kidney transplantation has been of enormous benefit to many children and families. The risks continue and transplanted allographs do not function indefinitely and more avant-garde research is needed to sustain these children and adolescents.
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