An amoeba, or single-celled living thing, called Naegleria fowleri inhabits soil and warm freshwater environments like lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It is known as the "brain-eating amoeba" because it can infect the brain when amoeba-containing water is snorted up the nose. Just three Americans each year infect themselves, yet these illnesses are typically fatal. Naegleria fowleri infects people when water containing the amoeba enters the body through the nose. This typically happens when people go swimming, diving, or when they put their heads under fresh water, like in lakes and rivers. The ameba then travels up the nose to the brain, where it destroys the brain tissue and causes a devastating infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). PAM is almost always fatal. Initial symptoms can include headache, fever, nausea, or vomiting.
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