Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are membrane technologies that treat water sources to produce drinking water or high-quality industrial water supplies. These technologies remove organic and inorganic substances from water and act as adjuncts to traditional treatment methods like sand filtration, primary disinfection, lime and soda softening, ion exchange, and evaporative processes. Because of their ability to remove or reduce many of the substances regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Act, NF/RO membranes play an increasingly important role in helping water utilities meet these guidelines.
This third edition of M46, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis, offers vital information about NF/RO processes and applications, process design, facility design, residuals management, and operations and maintenance. NF/RO history, regulations, terminology, process technology, and market trends are included, as well as case studies of existing NF and RO facilities that offer practical insights for operators, administrators, engineers, scientists, and educators.