The first flight into space April 14, 1961 made a pilot of the former Soviet Union 26 year old Yuri Gagarin. This date is designated as the Day of Astronautics. In dictionaries indicate that the word astronaut derives from the Greek word cosmos(Greek), denoting the ordering, building, peace, universe, universe and Nauta (Greek) sailor,sailor, explorer, satelliteAstronaut is the person is experiencing and exploiting space technology in flight. The word astronaut made in the former Soviet Union and Russia. In the United States have increasingly used the term astronaut, in China it taikonaut. All these terms apply to the perpetrators of space flight, or specially trained and assigned to a group of astronauts.The concept of space flight in various countries differently. According to the classification of the International Federation of Aeronautics (IFA), space flight is believed to be the height of which exceeds 100 km. Ander to the classification of the U.S Air Force space flight is a flight whose height exceeds 50 miles (80 km). In Russia, space flight is called an orbit flight, e.g astronaut must make at least one's orbit around the Earth. That is why the total number of astronauts, to some extent, is different in various sourcesConsequently the data to the American sources for May, 2009, it was in the general 490 people made orbital space flight. Four people are space flight on a ballistic trajectory in height more than 100 km. Six are people on a ballistic trajectory in height more than 50 miles, but below 100 km.Among the astronauts 50 women. Cosmonauts of a planet have been leaving outside the Earth over 1000 person-days, including more than 100 people-days of outputs to a free space. It is also invaluable. Is not present and not maybe who is better than criteria. Representatives of 36 countries have visited the Earth orbit. The largest number of astronauts represented citizens of U.S. In second place are the former Soviet Union and Russia. Today is World Space Fellowship also speaks Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindi and many other languages. In this choir voices Jewish astronaut's visible. They make up about three per cent of all astronauts. This percentage much higher than between an other nationality. In the study of outer space in the last decades of the 20 century and 21 century, a very noticeable contribution to the Jews.
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