Terrorism, militancy, insurgency or Left Wing Extremism - whatever be the name ascribed to them, all of them challenge not merely the government to combat, control or eradicate them. They also impact society, adversely affecting ordinary lives, livelihoods and even aspirations for social mobilization. They directly and indirectly affect national economy by compelling governments to spend colossal amounts on security apparatus, thereby affecting precious resources for development with ramifications in environmental and human security dimensions. Academic endeavors in India have normally addressed the origins and counter measures for these internal security challenges. However, as India embarks upon Atma Nirbarta and Swarnim Jayanti, there is a need to revisit the causes, methods and prospects for addressing these challenges in physical and other dimensions. Stepping beyond theoretical and methodological analysis of threats, there is a need to assesses and understand the social, economic and human security aspects of internal security. Praghna Centre for Research is happy to bring out this book containing 13 chapters in the hope that these perspectives will lead to further research and enable the policy establishment to adopt comprehensive solutions to the internal security challenges that India is faced with.