Intelligence, Learning Disability, and Associated Brain Characteristics: A Special Issue of developmental Neuropsychology
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The suggestion that differences in underlying brain processes may subserve individual differences in cognition is not new. What is new and exciting about the findings reported here, however, is the notion that differences in morphology and/or functional organization of the human brain may relate to the overall level of intellectual ability -- particularly if one is gifted -- and may also underlie aspects of learning disability. Moreover, an intriguing possibility is that the manifestation of these cognitive states may be sex specific, with males and females either gifted or disabled, exhibiting qualitatively different patterns of brain organization and cortical involvement. This special issue brings together experts in the fields of cognitive neuropsychology, intelligence, and dyslexia who report on their current research concerning the various brain regions and underlying neural circuitry that may contribute to the emergence of high-level intelligence or learning disability. As suggested by the articles comprising this issue, investigation of the underlying brain functions of highly-intelligent and/or learning disabled individuals can take many forms and is a complex and sophisticated endeavor. The papers presented here represent only a small sample of such work, but they should spawn future studies into the relationship between intelligence, learning disability, and their associated brain characteristics.
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