Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a common condition, and conventional treatments only provide relief for some patients. Intramuscular and intra-articular botulinum toxin injections and intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections are valuable tools in the management of this condition. Intramuscular toxin injections are very effective in the treatment of bruxism. Intra-articular injections combat joint pain of moderate intensity for hyaluronic acid and more acute pain for botulinum toxin. In addition, intra-articular hyaluronic acid reduces joint noise and increases mouth opening. Muscle relaxation is a well-known effect of the toxin, but its analgesic effect has only been discovered more recently. Unlike botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid is not a drug, but an implantable viscoelastic device. All these procedures must be performed under strict aseptic conditions and by practitioners specialized in this type of treatment.
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