Gedaref State is an important area for Ethiopian and Eritrean refugees, because of proximity and availability of security and natural resources. The influx of refugees was high during the previous forty years. The number of refugees at Gedaref State reached approximately 36000 persons. The study area was consisted of three camps: Um Rakuba in El Galabat province, Um Gargur in Seitait province and El Tinedba camp at El Rahad province. The objectives...